Different types of Vitamins ,Sources, and deficiency symptoms

:Vitamins

Vitamins, also termed “accessory food factors” are special organic compounds which are needed in extremely small 
quantities in the diet of animals.
- Vitamins regulate the metabolic processes in the cell by 
acting as co-enzymes.
- Some enzymes are concerned with the maintenance of the 
structure of epithelial tissues, cartilage, collagenous tissues 
and bone.
- Not all vitamins are present in our food, some have to be 
prepared inside our body, not by the body itself but by certain 
microorganisms living in the large intestine, e.g. vitamin k.
Also a vitamine may be taken in the diet in the form of its 
precursor or provitamin.   This provitamin is later changes inside the body into the active vitamin e.g. carotines and 
.provitamin A

Vitamin B1
*Exists mainly in: meat, egg yolk, liver and spinach.
* Adeficiency of this vitamin causes: beri-beri disease
(Theses diseases are caused by the accumulation of 
pyruvic acid in the body cells, which results in muscle 
weakness, decreased digestive secretion, weak peristaltic 
movements of the alimentary canal and loss (of apetite)

Vitamin B2
* Exists mainly in: milk, liver, eggs, leafy vegetables, and 
some fruits as banana and oranges.
* It is important for cellular respiration as it acts as a 
carrier of oxygen, It also essential for growth.
* Adeficiency of this vitamin causes: dermatitis in the 
face, hand and feet, redness of the tongue and 
inflammation in the alimentary canal

Vitamin B6
* Exists mainly in: milk and liver.
* It is important for tissue respiration and amino acid 
metabolism.
* Adeficiency of this vitamin causes: nervous disorders 
and muscular weakness.
 Vitamin B7
* Exists mainly in: kidney and liver.
* It enters in the formation of many co-enzymes necessary 
for cell functions

* Adeficiency of this vitamin causes:pellagra showen by 
roughened skin on the hand, arms, feet, face and neck; 
diarrhea; nervous disturbances and mental disorders.
 Vitamin B12
* Exists mainly in: meat, fish and liver.
* It is essential for growth and enters in the formation of 
red blood cells.
* Adeficiency of this vitamin causes:pernicious anaemia 
and slows growth in young individuals.
 Vitamin C 
*This is a water-soluble vitamin, exists mainly in:
citrus fruits, tomatoes, cabbage and some animal 
organs as the adrenal glands liver and kidneys.
* It is essential for the healing of injuries, and for the 
formation of new cells and antibodies.
* Adeficiency of this vitamin causes: *scurvy (a disease 
characterized by bleeding in different places especially 
under the skin and gums.
* Leads to retardation in the development of fibrous 
tissues and intracellular material

Vitamin D
*This is a group of fat-soluble vitamins, D1 to D5. The 
most important are D2 and D3.
* Exists mainly in: yolk, milk, cod liver oil and liver.
* D2 and D3 are produced by the action of sunlight and 
facilitate absorption of calcium and phosphorus from 
the intestine and regulate their levels in the body.
* Adeficiency of this vitamin causes: rickets which is a 
disturbance in the formation of bones

Vitamin E
*This is a fat-soluble vitamin.
* * Exists mainly in: germinating wheat and in green 
plants of lettuce.
* Adeficiency of this vitamin causes: reduction in 
fertility in experimental animals.
* In female, abortion may occur as a result of this 
vitamin deficiency.
*In males, degeneration of the germinal epithelium 
occurs (therefore, it is also called antisterilitic).
 Vitamin K
- *This is a fat-soluble vitamin.
* Exists mainly in: green vegetables as spinach, cabbage, 
soyabean, tomatoes, egg yolk and liver.
* It is necessary for the formation of prothrombin in the 
liver cells.
* Adeficiency of this vitamin causes: haemorrhage due to 
reduced coagulability of the blood, thus it is also called 
antihaemorrhagic.